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Lola Rovati
@Lolarovati
Las hemorroides son una dilatación de las venas que se produce por una debilidad en la pared muscular de la región anal. El 40 por ciento de las embarazadas padece esta molestia en algún momento de la gestación.
Normalmente el factor que desencadena este trastorno es la herencia, el estreñimiento y el sedentarismo, pero el embarazo y el postparto pueden incidir en el incremento de la presión en esa zona y en consecuencia pueden aparecer las hemorroides. Puede que algunas no hayan tenido hemorroides durante el embarazo, pero es muy habitual que el esfuerzo producido en el parto provoque una dilatación de las venas rectales que salen a través del ano.
Este problema no está considerado una enfermedad, excepto si aparecen síntomas como el sangrado, ardor, prolapso y dolor en la zona, recibiendo entonces el nombre de patología hemorroidal.
El embarazo propicia la aparición de hemorroides debido a la presión que ejerce el bebé sobre los vasos sanguíneos de la pelvis dificultando el retorno venoso. Esto, sumado al estreñimiento, también muy común en el embarazo, agrava la situación. Y desde luego, empeora en el momento del expulsivo ya que las venas de la región pélvica están sometidas a una gran presión por el esfuerzo producido en el parto.
Las hemorroides son pequeñas inflamaciones que aparecen en el ano. Pueden ser internas o externas, grandes o pequeñas, pero su dolor no está relacionado con su tamaño. Unas pequeñas pueden doler muchísimo. Se clasifican en cuatro grados según su gravedad, desde una leve dilatación hasta casos graves de ataque hemorroidal agudo.
Las hemorroides pueden ser internas o externas, las internas se encuentran en el canal anal y no suelen ser dolorosas, pero cuando se produce una ruptura de las venas dilatadas, es posible que la deposición aparezca teñida de sangre. En cambio las externas suelen ser muy dolorosas y son visibles ya que están en el orificio anal.
Los síntomas son picor, dolor, ardor, sensación de masa anal tras la defecación y en ocasiones puede haber sangrado e incluso rectorragias (hemorragias de origen rectal).
Después del parto suelen tratarse con cremas y supositorios antinflamatorios especiales.
También funciona muy bien aplicar frío, hacer baños de asiento o utilizar toallitas humedecidas medicadas para limpiar la zona.
No hay una forma de impedir que salgan, pero se puede prevenir el estreñimiento durante el embarazo a través una alimentación rica en fibra y ejercicio para minimizar la aparición de las hemorroides al momento de dar a luz.
En Bebés y más |Nueve retos que vas a enfrentar en el postparto (y tranquila, los superarás)
Temas
El posparto es un momento clave para cuidar músculos y órganos del suelo pélvico. El gran esfuerzo realizado en el parto hace que la nueva mamá pueda sufrir dolores de diversa índole, dependiendo del punto concreto de la anatomía: hemorroides, hematoma y desgarros de periné, así como desgarros vaginales. Te ofrecemos consejos y cuidados para cada situación.
Se debe lavar la zona del ano después de cada deposición. 
Hay que evitar la aplicación de taponamientos domiciliarios.
Hemorrhoids often develop during pregnancy and are even more common after childbirth. According to studies, about 35 percent of women who have recently given birth face its symptoms.
With hemorrhoids, the vessels that are located in the anal canal at the exit from the rectum become inflamed and swell. Signs of the disease include rectal bleeding, pain and itching, prolapse of hemorrhoids from the anal canal, and involuntary soiling of linen.
If you notice bleeding or pain that gets worse, be sure to see your doctor to get a diagnosis and proper treatment.
Moreover, hard stools aggravate the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, soft and regular stools are needed both for the prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids (as well as anal fissures). For this, doctors advise:
There are foods that have a lot of fiber (dietary fiber)
Vegetables and fruits, legumes and whole grain flour products are suitable. For example, prunes, apples, bran bread, boiled lentils. The recommended amount of fiber is 20-35 grams per day. Often, product packaging indicates how much fiber it contains.
Drink plenty of water
Be aware of your thirst as there are no hard and fast guidelines, and it is estimated that men should drink about 3.7 liters of fluid per day and women about 2.7 liters. In this case, we are talking about any liquid. Juice, coffee and tea are also considered, as is the water contained in the food.
Be active
Do appropriate exercise, such as swimming or yoga.
They should help with involuntary soiling of linen. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of any drugs (including vitamins and dietary supplements) should be discussed with the doctor.
If a fiber-rich diet does not help, a doctor may be consulted regarding laxatives. There is a myth that the intestines will stop working on their own if laxatives are taken frequently. In fact, these medicines do not increase the risk of constipation in the future. Your doctor may also recommend creams and suppositories (suppositories) to treat hemorrhoids. They relieve pain and itching, stop bleeding, and accelerate healing. Many of them are available without a prescription.
If the medication can be used during pregnancy, then the instructions will say so: it can be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
For severe symptoms, when conservative treatment does not help, surgical treatment of hemorrhoids can be discussed with the doctor.
During pregnancy, if necessary, you can perform a hemorrhoidectomy – remove hemorrhoids.
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What to do if you find postpartum hemorrhoids? What types of treatment are provided in such cases? Why does hemorrhoids appear after childbirth? We will try to answer these and other questions in this article.
During childbirth, the muscles are strained, and the hemorrhoidal veins are stretched, as a result of which hemorrhoids occur.
This does not happen to everyone, but such a phenomenon is not uncommon.
Sometimes, due to rapid weight gain and an inactive lifestyle, hemorrhoids occur during pregnancy. That is why prevention is necessary both in the prenatal period and in the postnatal period.
It often happens that childbirth and the prenatal physiological state become a kind of impetus that creates a favorable environment for the development of hemorrhoids.
During pregnancy and natural childbirth, there is a lot of pressure on the organs, and during contractions, the sphincter muscles are overloaded. Plus, pregnant women often have internal pressure, and if the pregnancy is multiple, this pressure is almost doubled. It is not uncommon for frequent constipation in pregnant women, which also provoke the appearance of hemorrhoids. High levels of progesterone cause indigestion, which is the cause of frequent constipation.
There are other root causes of hemorrhoids:
The body needs a lot of fiber, and therefore you need to eat a lot of foods that contain it. This issue should be taken especially seriously by people whose relatives have experienced such a disease as hemorrhoids, because often the lack of flexibility and density of veins is a hereditary phenomenon, which can cause hemorrhoids.
The first possible sign of hemorrhoids is discomfort in the rectum: itching, heaviness, pain, blood after bowel movements. During the development of hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids appear, more acute pain and pronounced inflammation appear.
There are cases when it is childbirth that is the main cause of the appearance of hemorrhoids, although before that the woman did not even have the most insignificant initial signs.
After pregnancy and childbirth, a woman’s immunity needs a certain amount of time to recover, so it is the postpartum period that is the most vulnerable. Hemorrhoids have the ability to further lower the immune system, especially if the period of peak exacerbation of the disease occurs in the postpartum period.
This is a very serious disease, as it entails detrimental consequences: thrombophlebitis, paraproctitis, the development of anemia. An infection can get into the bleeding site, and hemorrhoids themselves are one of the secondary causes of cancer. Based on the above, it should be noted that hemorrhoids are a serious disease and require indispensable medical intervention.
If you consult a doctor in a timely manner in the first stages of the disease, a gentle treatment is prescribed. Even in the last stages, if the patient’s condition allows, specialists try to eliminate the disease without surgical intervention. In any case, you should not delay it, and with any signs of hemorrhoids, you must contact the IMC “URO-PRO” in Sochi.
How to relieve the manifestations of hemorrhoids? What precautions should be taken while breastfeeding?
If you are a breastfeeding mother, you should never take drugs without first consulting a doctor. Only a qualified specialist will help you choose a course of treatment that will not harm the health of the child.
Most often, postpartum hemorrhoids are severe. Initially, burning and itching appear in the anal passage area, over time, pain becomes stronger, bleeding occurs, which can lead to the development of anemia, which is very dangerous for a nursing mother. Hemorrhoids increase, new ones appear. The process of defecation becomes painful, in addition to this, it hurts to sit, walk and even lie on your back. There is inflammation of the anus, cracks of different sizes appear. Here you need immediate treatment, which is prescribed by a proctologist.