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| Edad gestacional | Longitud (Pulgadas) | Peso (oz / lb) | Longitud (cm) | Masa (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 semanas | 0.63 | 0,04 onzas | 1.6 | 1 |
| 9 semanas | .9 | 0,07 onzas | 2.3 | 2 |
| 10 semanas | 1.22 | 0,14 onzas | 3.1 | 4 |
| 11 semanas | 1.61 | 0,25 onzas | 4.1 | 7 |
| 12 semanas | 2.13 | 0.49 onzas | 5.4 | 14 |
| 13 semanas | 2.19 | 0,81 onzas | 7.4 | 23 |
| 14 semanas | 3.42 | 1,52 onzas | 8.7 | 43 |
| 15 semanas | 3.98 | 2,47 onzas | 10. |
70 |
| 16 semanas | 4.57 | 3,53 onzas | 11.6 | 100 |
| 17 semanas | 5.12 | 4.94 onzas | 13 | 140 |
| 18 semanas | 5.59 | 6.70 onzas | 14.2 | 190 |
| 19 semanas | 6.02 | 8.47 onzas | 15.3 | 240 |
| 20 semanas | 6.46 | 10,58 onzas | 16.4 | 300 |
| 21 semanas | 10.51 | 12,70 onzas | 26.7 | 360 |
| 22 semanas | 10.94 | 15.17 onzas | 27.8 | 430 |
| 23 semanas | 11.38 | 1,10 libras | 28.9 | 501 |
| 24 semanas | 11.81 | 1,32 libras | 30 | 600 |
| 25 semanas | 13.62 | 1,46 libras | 34.6 | 660 |
| 26 semanas | 14.02 | 1,68 libras | 35.6 | 760 |
| 27 semanas | 14. 41 |
1,93 libras | 36.6 | 875 |
| 28 semanas | 14.80 | 2,22 libras | 37.6 | 1005 |
| 29 semanas | 15.2 | 2,54 libras | 38.6 | 1153 |
| 30 semanas | 15.71 | 2,91 libras | 39.9 | 1319 |
| 31 semanas | 16.18 | 3,31 libras | 41.1 | 1502 |
| 32 semanas | 16.19 | 3,75 libras | 42.4 | 1702 |
| 33 semanas | 17.20 | 4.23 libras | 43.7 | 1918 |
| 34 semanas | 17.72 | 4.73 libras | 45 | 2146 |
| 35 semanas | 18.19 | 5.25 libras | 46.2 | 2383 |
| 36 semanas | 18.66 | 5.78 libras | 47.4 | 2622 |
| 37 semanas | 19.13 | 6.30 libras | 48.6 | 2859 |
| 38 semanas | 19. 61 |
6.80 libras | 49.8 | 3083 |
| 39 semanas | 19.96 | 7,25 libras | 50.7 | 3288 |
| 40 semanas | 20.16 | 7,63 libras | 51.2 | 3462 |
| 41 semanas | 20.35 | 7,93 libras | 51.7 | 3597 |
| 42 semanas | 20.28 | 8.12 libras | 51.5 | 3685 |
| 43 semanas | 20.20 | 8.19 libras | 51.3 | 3717 |
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En la semana 15 de gestación, el feto mide entre 9 y 10 centímetros y pesa unos 50 gramos, el doble que la semana anterior.
Una capa fina de pelo llamada lanugo recubre la gran parte del cuerpo del bebé.
Su piel es muy fina y a través de ella se podrían ver los vasos sanguíneos que circulan por debajo.
Los ojos siguen separados aunque cada vez se acercan más a la raíz nasal. En las orejas se distinguen los distintos pliegues que las componen. La barbilla se empieza despegar del tórax.
En lo referente a los huesos, comienza el proceso de osificación en el feto: cada vez son más fuertes, ya que retienen más calcio.
Algunas embarazadas ya pueden sentir a su bebé, especialmente si han tenido más hijos antes: notan una especie de cosquilleo, un burbujeo, como o si una mariposa estuvieran dentro del útero.
Algunas embarazadas experimentan una sensación de taponamiento nasal desde el comienzo del segundo trimestre hasta el final del embarazo, que impide respirar y hablar correctamente.
Es la llamada rinitis gravídica: se debe a un aumento en el tamaño de los cornetes nasales.
Algunos fármacos utilizados para las alergias primaverales, como los antihistamínicos, pueden mejorar parte de este síntoma. Pero no conviene abusar de ellos; lo cierto es que la rinitis no va a desaparecer del todo hasta después del parto. No olvides consultar con tu ginecólogo antes de tomar ningún medicamento para aliviar los molestos síntomas de rinitis y taponamiento nasal.
En el embarazo pueden aparecer o aumentar el número de lunares o pecas en cualquier parte del cuerpo. Si observas que algún lunar de los que tenías aumenta mucho de tamaño, cambia de coloración, de forma o se hace más abultado, deberás consultar a un dermatólogo.
Además son frecuentes las manchas en la cara en la embarazada debido al aumento de melanina, por lo que deberás cuidarte con cremas de alta protección solar.
La línea marrón que aparece entre el pubis y el ombligo se llama línea alba y también se debe a un aumento de melanina a ese nivel. Ésta suele desaparecer unos meses después del parto. También es normal que aparezca vello y pequeñas verrugas en la pared abdominal.
La dieta de la embarazada debe contener un aporte energético adecuado para asegurar su propia salud y la del bebé, ya que la dependencia del feto del organismo materno es total. Todos los nutrientes que recibe el feto son transferidos desde la madre a través de la placenta.
Las mujeres sanas con una alimentación normal antes del embarazo suelen afrontar la gestación con reservas energéticas suficientes para lograr un crecimiento y desarrollo fetal normal. La valoración del estado nutricional de la mujer al comienzo del embarazo mediante el cálculo del índice de masa corporal o IMC (el IMC es el cociente entre el peso en kilogramos y la talla en metros elevada al cuadrado: Kg/m2) es una recomendación útil.
En muchos casos esta valoración es imprescindible para planificar correctamente tanto la ganancia óptima de peso, como la alimentación y suplementación de nutrientes durante la gestación El IMC (índice de masa corporal) permite definir el estado nutricional de la embarazada:
Delgadez: IMC <18,5 Kg/m2
Normopeso (o peso normal): IMC: 18,5-24,9 Kg/m2
Sobrepeso: IMC ≥25,0 Kg/m2
Obesidad: IMC ≥30 Kg/m2
Al menos deben ganar 7 kilos en tu embarazo. La embarazada sana no debe restringir la ingesta de energía para minimizar la acumulación de grasa, a menos que sea obesa o que aumente excesivamente de peso. Para una mujer bien nutrida la ganancia de peso normal al final del embarazo oscila entre los 11 y 14 kilos.
La ganancia de peso durante la gestación tiende a ser menor cuanto mayor es el índice de masa corporal previo. Las mujeres delgadas tienden a ganar más peso que el promedio y las mujeres obesas tienden a ganar menos peso o incluso a perderlo durante el embarazo. Se recomienda una ganancia mínima de peso durante el embarazo de 7 kilos.
Algunas mujeres embarazadas realizan periodos de ayuno durante varias horas al día, durante uno o más días por razones religiosas o de otro tipo de dietas que cada vez están más de moda. Pero ¿pueden realizarse en el embarazo? Piensa que ya no sólo estás tú, sino también tienes un bebé al que puede afectarle este ayuno. Estas actividades pueden tener efectos perjudiciales tanto para el feto como para la madre.
No están bien definidos los efectos del ayuno durante el día en las mujeres embarazadas sanas.
En estudios realizados en ovejas embarazadas, el efecto más observado tras el ayuno es la reducción en los movimientos respiratorios fetales, con la normalización de los mismos tras la ingesta de alimentos por parte de la madre. Sin embargo, no hay información sobre el efecto de la cetonuria (cuerpos cetónicos en la orina) producida por el ayuno en el resultado fetal o neonatal en ausencia de cetoacidosis (acidificación excesiva de la sangre).
Los estudios sobre el resultado del embarazo en mujeres sanas que ayunaron durante el mes de Ramadán, no han reportado efectos adversos en el feto o el flujo sanguíneo uterino. Sin embargo, algunos autores han planteado la hipótesis de que el ayuno prolongado durante el embarazo puede dar lugar a alteraciones permanentes en la fisiología fetal que tienen consecuencias en la vida adulta como menor estatura o menor peso.
A principios del segundo trimestre de embarazo, se puede realizar otra prueba de diagnóstico prenatal que es el llamado cribado o “screening” bioquímico del segundo trimestre.
En dicha prueba se determina mediante un análisis de sangre los valores de la βhCG y de la alfafetoproteína. Una alteración en sus niveles indica mayor riesgo de cromosomopatías y la necesidad de confirmarlo mediante una amniocentesis.
En muchas clínicas privadas realizan el llamado triple test entre la semana 15 y la semana 17 de embarazo. Consiste en la realización de un análisis de sangre para determinar los niveles de dos hormonas (βhCG y estrógeno placentario) y la proteína alfafetoproteína. Los valores de estas tres sustancias, junto con la edad materna, establecen un porcentaje de riesgo de posibles malformaciones cromosómicas. Para confirmar el diagnóstico es indispensable la realización de una amniocentesis, pues no siempre que los valores del triple test salen alterados el feto tiene una malformación. El triple test ya no se recomienda en los protocolos de la Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia (SEGO).
Dra. María de la Calle Fernández-Miranda
Jefa de Sección de Obstetricia Médica y Tocología de Alto Riesgo del Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital La Paz (Madrid)
The Directorate of the Moscow International Film Festival (MIFF) has announced the full program of the 42nd review. The main competition included new works by Korean classic Kim Ki-duk and director Valery Todorovsky’s “Hipster” and “Thaw”, as well as films from Israel, Romania, Brazil and the UK. Film critic of Gazeta.Ru Pavel Voronkov has chosen 15 most interesting films of the MIFF-2020, which will be held in the capital from October 1 to 8.
Main competition. The neurotic 52-year-old director is obsessed with the desire to show the public his new (brilliant, of course) work, but everything is hindered by an unsuccessful promotional campaign for the tape.
On the night before the premiere, the director finds himself in the midst of an unusual odyssey that he will never forget.
Main competition. Tractor driver Viorel meets the famous politician Mocanu, whose car has broken down, and invites him to his house. A politician preparing for elections quickly notices the benefits in the current situation – and agrees with a new acquaintance that he will live with him, and he will pretend to be his old friend in public (in exchange for a brand new tractor).
Documentary Film Competition. Doc of Andrei Konchalovsky, who has just received a special prize from the jury of Venice with the historical drama Dear Comrades! “Ordinary people” talk about the meaning of life and the nature of love for the motherland.
Main competition.
Sarah, a girl from a fishing village on the shores of the Caspian Sea, loses her father, who disappeared after going fishing. The people around want to deal with the funeral, because the unburied fisherman is not good, but the girl goes against everyone and embarks on a dangerous journey in search of her father.
Spectrum program. A film selected for the competition at the canceled Cannes Film Festival. Yuri, 16, lives in the Gagarin complex on the outskirts of Paris, named after the most famous cosmonaut in history. The young man himself wants to follow in the footsteps of the first man in space. When it turns out that the complex is about to be demolished, Yuri’s future and dreams are in jeopardy.
Films that weren’t here. Belarusian painting about how a wedding turns into a bloodbath after some guests use spice. Director Vladimir Zinkevich was inspired by a real story that happened in 2014: then three guys took the drug, and two of them cut out their friend’s eyes.
Documentary competition. War on Drugs Time magazine named Ress Person of the Year in 2018.
Main Competition Gilda is the eldest daughter in the family and it’s not easy for her: her parents are divorcing, she’s having to take care of her younger children, she’s in high school, and trying to keep her sanity, she decides to take up dancing.0003
Masters program. A story about the life of an elderly couple, psychological abuse and unfulfilled desires – performed by Arturo Ripstein, one of the key figures in Mexican cinema.
“Decree” (“Medida provisória”), Lazaro Ramos (Brazil)
Main competition. In a dystopian Brazil of the future, a lawyer tries to get compensation from the government for all the descendants of African slaves through the courts, and in response, the state decides to deport all blacks to Africa.
Blockade Diary, Andrey Zaitsev (Russia)
Main competition. The first blockade winter on behalf of a woman, Olga, who has just buried her husband and is now walking through a dying city to say goodbye to her father, because she is sure that she does not have long to live. The tape is based on the memoirs and works of the poetess Olga Berggolts, the writer Daniil Granin and other blockade survivors. It is reported that “all situations and characters are real, they were real and are not fiction.”
“Creatures clinging to straws” (“Jipuragirado japgo sipeun jimseungdeul”), Kim Yong Hoon (South Korea)
Euphoria program. A South Korean crime thriller that has been compared to the works of the Coen brothers. A lot of heroes unfamiliar with each other, whose paths will incredibly intertwine – not without the participation of a bag forgotten in the bathhouse, stuffed to the brim with money.
“Hypnosis”, Valery Todorovsky (Russia)
Main competition.
Dramatic thriller from the director “Dandy” and the TV series “The Thaw” Valery Todorovsky. Young Misha wants to recover from sleepwalking and visits a psychotherapist named Volkov. After hypnosis sessions, the hero begins to hardly distinguish reality from fiction. When one of the therapist’s patients mysteriously dies, Misha decides to investigate on her own.
“Fate”, Zhanna Isabayeva (Kazakhstan)
Main competition. A young man Azat comes to Alma-Ata to get a job at a construction site with his older brother. But he is delayed at work somewhere in the mountains, and now the young man has to live for several days in a strange city without money and a roof over his head. 9
Main competition. Continuation of the MIFF romance with Kim Ki-duk: at the previous review, he headed the jury and showed his film “Man, Place, Time and Again Man”, and then could not leave for a long time. The story of two incredibly similar girls, designated by the numbers “1” and “2”.
1 – from a traditional family, 2 – its complete opposite. One day they switch places, but for Girl-1 this does not bode well.
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Image copyright, AFP
Image caption,
The trial of coup suspects began in 2017
A Turkish court sentenced 337 people to life imprisonment who were found guilty of trying to overthrow President Recep Tayyip Erdogan four years ago. It was one of the largest trials in the case of the attempted military coup in Turkey on July 15-16, 2016.
In total, almost 500 people, including 25 generals and 10 civilians, appeared before the court on charges of attempting to seize power and attempt on the life of President Erdogan. 475 defendants were connected in one way or another with the Akinci air base near Ankara, where key events took place during the days of the failed coup.
90,003 90,116 337 people received life sentences, 14 of them (10 military pilots and four civilians) – on an enhanced detention regime.
The trial has been going on since the end of July 2017 on the territory of the Sincan prison complex in the suburbs of Ankara. A hall with a capacity of one and a half thousand people was specially built for him. On the day of the verdict, the room was overcrowded.
Six people were tried in absentia, including 79-year-old Islamic theologian Fethullu Gulen, who lives in the US state of Pennsylvania, and theology teacher Adil Oksuz. According to official Ankara, they were behind the failed coup attempt.
Former Turkish Air Force Commander Akin Ozturk was sentenced to life in prison in the same case last year.
On July 15, 2016, the conspirators captured the Akinji airbase, along with the F-16 fighter-bombers stationed there, and took the Chief of Staff Khulushi Akar hostage. They announced that they were taking power into their own hands “to restore constitutional order, human rights and freedoms.”
Image copyright AFP
Image caption
Ankara, July 16, 2016. Erdogan supporters clash with the military
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Armed soldiers and tanks appeared on the streets of Ankara and Istanbul.
It is believed that the motive for the actions of the military was dissatisfaction with the strengthening of Erdogan’s personal power and the policy of Islamization pursued by him.
The Turkish army has historically been considered the main pillar of the secular nature of the state.
The conspirators did not succeed in capturing the president, who was on vacation at the Mediterranean resort of Marmaris. He flew to Istanbul and also addressed the nation on television. His supporters took to the streets of the cities, confronting the military.
F-16 aircraft from the base in Akinci fired three times at the parliament building, as well as the road near the presidential palace and the headquarters of the Ankara special forces and police. As a result of these strikes, 68 people were killed and more than 200 were injured.
The mutinous military capitulated the next day. In total, according to official data, during the events of July 15-16, 251 people died and about two thousand were injured and injured.
After the coup, President Erdogan carried out a massive purge in the country. About 100 thousand civil servants, teachers and judges were fired, over 2.