Guia Infantil
Si te gustan los nombres árabes y quieres poner uno al bebé que esperas y que está para nacer, te aconsejamos que consulte nuestra selección de nombres árabes para niños y niñas, que empiezan con la letra A. Descubre nuestro listado de nombres árabes para bebés, con sus respectivos significados.
Pues aquí tenemos muchos nombres propios de personas, con sus respectivos orígenes y significados, aunque sus acepciones presentan variaciones según las fuentes e interpretaciones.
Guiainfantil.com ha seleccionado los nombres árabes más populares y modernos para que puedas elegir el nombre perfecto para tu bebé.
Nombre | Significado |
---|---|
ABBAN | Efímero |
ABBAS | León |
ABBUD | Adorador |
ABDEL – ABDUL | Sirviente de Alá |
ABDEL ALIM | Sirviente del Omnisciente |
ABDEL ALÍ | Sirviente del más alto |
ABDEL AZIM | Sirviente del poderoso |
ABDEL AZIZ | Sirviente del poderoso |
ABDEL BARI | Sirviente del creador |
ABDEL FATTÂ | Sirviente de quien abre |
ABDEL GHAFFÂR | Sirviente del que perdona |
ABDEL HADI | Sirviente del guía |
ABDEL HÂFEZ | Sirviente del protector |
ABDEL HAKÎM | Sirviente del sabio |
ABDEL HALÎM | Sirviente del apacible |
ABDEL HAMÎD | Sirviente del alabado |
ABDEL HAQQ | Sirviente de la verdad |
ABDEL JABBÂR | Sirviente del poderoso |
ABDEL JALÎL | Sirviente del majestuoso |
ABDEL KARÎM | Sirviente del noble |
ABDEL KHALÎQ | Sirviente del creador |
ABDEL MÂLIK | Sirviente del amo, señor |
ABDEL MÂJID | Sirviente del glorioso |
ABDEL MU’JIB | Sirviente del que responde |
ABDEL MUTA’AL | Sirviente del más alto |
ABDEL NÂSSER | Sirviente del victorioso |
ABDEL QÂDER | Sirviente del poderoso |
ABDEL QAHHÂR | Sirviente del omnipotente |
ABDEL RAHÎM | Sirviente del más compasivo |
ABDEL RAHMÂN | Sirviente del misericordioso |
ABDEL RASHÎD | Sirviente del que debidamente nos guía |
ABDEL RA’ÛF | Sirviente del más misericordioso |
ABDEL RAZZÂG | Sirviente del que nos mantiene |
ABDEL SABÛR | Sirviente del paciente |
ABDEL SALÂM | Sirviente de la paz |
ABDEL SAMAD | Sirviente del eterno |
ABDEL SÂMI’ | Sirviente del que todo lo oye |
ABDEL TAWWÂB | Sirviente del que perdona |
ABDEL WADÛD | Sirviente del que nos ama |
ABDEL WAHHAB | Sirviente del que da |
ABDEL WÂHED | Sirviente del que es único |
ABDEL | Justo |
ADHAM | Negro |
ADNAN | Nombre árabe antiguo |
AFÎL | Casto, modesto |
AHMAD – AHMED | El más fervoroso adorador |
ÂKIL | Inteligente |
AKRAM | Muy generoso |
ALÂ | La nobelza |
ALADDIN | La nobleza de la fe |
ALÎ | Muy alto, noble |
ALÎM | Sabio |
AMÎR | Príncipe |
AMÎN | Fiel |
AMR | Nombre árabe antiguo |
ANÎS | Amigo ínitmo |
ANWAR | Luz |
ARFAN | Gratitud |
ASAD | León |
ASHRAF | Muy honorable |
ASWAD | Negro |
ATA | Regalo |
ÀTEF | Simpático |
AYMAN | Afortunado |
AYYÛB | Job |
AZÂ | Consuelo |
AZAHAR | Luminoso |
AZÎM | Defensor |
AZZÂM | Decidido, resuleto |
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Puedes leer más artículos similares a Nombres árabes para bebés – Letra A, en la categoría de Árabes en Guiainfantil. com.
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Se trata del patógeno que más infecciones provoca en las vías respiratorias inferiores de los niños, de ahí, la importancia de que los padres aprendamos cómo prevenirlo.
Se trata del patógeno que más infecciones provoca en las vías respiratorias inferiores de los niños, de ahí, la importancia de que los padres aprendamos cómo prevenirlo.
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Eva Paris
@paris_eva
¿Tradición o innovación? ¿Significado o sonoridad? A la hora de escoger un nombre para el bebé, cada familia tendrá sus prioridades. Tal vez lo que busquéis son nombres de origen árabe para el bebé, y de ello os hablamos hoy, con un listado de casi cien nombres árabes de niño y de niña, con su significado.
Lo cierto es que la tradición árabe en España es extensa y eso se aprecia en el amplio vocabulario de etimología árabe. Pero, ¿qué antropónimos o nombres de persona son de origen árabe y cómo se transcriben al castellano? Veremos que hay algunos más conocidos y otros que nos suenan poco, pero la mayoría muy sugerentes y con un precioso significado o con una sonoridad especial.
Esperamos que entre este listado de nombres de origen árabe para el bebé esté aquel que os guste y nos contéis si conocéis otros apelativos de esta procedencia o cuál os suena mejor para vuestros hijos.
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Temas
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Petersburg and the North-Western Region of Russia
Name | Values |
Aamir | Prosperous |
Aasim | Protector |
Aarith | Knowledgeable |
Abu Bakr | The name of the Companion of the Prophet Muhammad, Peace be upon him. |
Abulkhair | Creative. Doing good |
Aban | Old Arabic name |
Abbas | Gloomy, strict, severe |
Abd | Slave (worshiping God) |
Abdullah | Slave of God |
Abdulaziz | Slave of the Mighty, Possessor of special greatness |
Abdulazim | Slave of the Greatest |
Abdulali | Slave of the Supreme |
Abdulalim | Slave of the All-Knowing |
Abdulbari | Slave of the Creator |
Abdulbasyt | Slave of the Spreader, Bringer of Life |
Abdulwadud | Slave of the Loving |
Abdulwahab | Slave of the Giver |
Abdulvahid | Slave of the One |
Abdulgafar | Slave of the Forgiving |
Abdulgafur | Slave of the Forgiving |
Abduljabar | Slave of the Mighty |
Abduljalil | Slave of the Majestic |
Abdulkadir | Slave of the Almighty |
Abdulkarim | Slave of the Generous |
Abdulkahar | Slave of the Master |
Abdulkudus | Slave of the Sacred, Purest from all shortcomings |
Abdullatif | Slave of the Good, Gracious, Merciful |
Abdulmajid | Slave of the Glorious |
Abdulmatin | Slave of the Strong, Durable |
Abdulmujib | Responder’s Slave |
Abdulmuiz | Slave of the Giver of Power, Strength |
Abdulmutal | Slave of the Supreme |
Abdulmukhaymin | Slave of the Guardian of His Creations |
Abdulfatah | Servant of the Opener |
Abdulhadi | Slave of the Leader in the Right Path |
Abdulhakam | Judge Slave |
Abdulhakim | Slave of the Most Wise |
Abdulhakk | Slave of the True, Truth-Setter |
Abdulkhalik | Slave of the Creator |
Abdulhalim | Slave of the Affectionate, Soft |
Abdulhamid | Slave of the Praiseworthy |
Abdulhasib | Slave of the All-Aware, Sufficient to His Slaves |
Abdulhafiz | Slave of the Degrading (those who do not obey His Law) |
Abdunnaser | Slave of the Giver of Help, Victory |
Abdurrazak | Slave of the Creator of Good |
Abdurrauf | Slave of the Indulgent, Gentle, Merciful |
Abdurrafi | Slave of the Uplifter of the Believers |
Abdurrahim | Slave of the Merciful |
Abdurrahman | Servant of the All-Merciful |
Abdurrashid | Slave of the Guide to the Right Path |
Abdussabur | Slave of the Patient |
Abdussalam | Slave of the Peacemaker |
Abdussamad | Slave of the Eternal |
Abdussami | Servant of the All-Hearing |
Abdutavvab | Slave of Receiving Repentance |
Abdushshakur | Servant of the Grateful, Rewarding His Slaves |
Abid | Prayer |
Abidine | Slaves (worshiping God) |
Abrek | Most fertile |
Agil | Smart, understanding, knowledgeable |
Adele | Righteous |
Adil (Adyl) | Fair |
Adnan | Proper name |
Azad (Azat) | Free |
Azer | Fire, flame |
Aydin | Light, bright |
Airat | Dear, beloved |
Akbar | Great |
Akshin | Strong, brave |
Ali | High, lofty |
Alim | Scientist, knowledgeable, knowledgeable |
Alpan | Brave |
Alkhan | Great Khan |
Alabbas | Harsh |
Amal | Hope, waiting |
Amine | Loyal, reliable, honest |
Amir | Ruler, prince, prince |
Amirkhan (Emirkhan) | Chief Executive |
Anver (Anwar, Anvar, Enver) | Lightest, brightest |
Anzor | The most caring |
Ansar | Helpers, supporters, fellow travelers |
Aran | Aged, cold-blooded |
Aref | Smart, wise |
Arman | Perfect; hope |
Arsen | Bold, fearless |
Arslan (Arsan, Assad) | Leo |
Arthur | Sturdy, a person of large build |
Asim | Protective |
Aslan | Fearless |
Ashab | The friendliest |
Aurang (Aurangzeb) | Wisdom, understanding |
Ahmad | Praiseworthy, praiseworthy |
Ayaz | Reasonable, quick-witted, savvy, smart |
Baasym | Smiling |
Baghda | Gift of the Almighty, gift |
Badruddin | Full moon of faith |
Points | Honey |
Bamdad | Early morning |
Basam | Smiling |
Basyl | Brave |
Baja | Beautiful, beautiful |
Bahauddin | Beautiful, beautiful in faith |
Bahir | Dazzling, brilliant |
Bashaar | Bringing good news |
Begench | Joy |
Beksoltan (Beksolt) | Chief Sultan |
Bekhan | Chief Prince Chapter |
Behnam | Having a good reputation (good name) |
Behroz | Happy |
Bilal | Name of the first muezzin (caller) |
Bishr | Joy |
Junior | |
Bugday | Leader, leader |
Burkhan | Proof |
Wajih | Noble |
Wadi | Calm, peaceful |
Vazir (Vizir) | Minister |
Vail | Returning (to take cover) |
Vakil | Protector, protector |
Walid | Newborn |
Valiuddin | Patron of Religion |
Valiulla | Person close to God (pious, God-fearing) |
Vasim | Elegant |
Vafik | Successful |
Wahid | Unique, exclusive |
Veli | Close, native |
Vidadi | Love, friendship |
Ghazi | Warrior |
Galib | Winner |
Gaplan | Brave |
Gasan | Old Arabic name |
Gachai | Brave, warrior |
Gashkay | Happy |
Gaya | Strong, indestructible |
Giyas | Abundant, fruitful |
Gorgud | Fire, light |
Goshgar | Majestic |
Guych | Strength |
Damir | Conscience, mind |
Dangatar (Gyundogdy) | Dawn |
Daniel (Daniyal) | Divine gift |
Daniyar | Owner of knowledge, scientist, smart |
Daoud (Davud) | Beloved, dear |
Dashgyn | Strong, ebullient |
Destegule | Bouquet of flowers |
Jabir | Comforter |
Javad | Generous |
Javid | Long lived |
Jalal | Glory of Faith |
Jamal | Beauty |
Jamaluddin | Beauty of Faith |
Jamil | Beautiful, beautiful |
Jamil (Jamal) | Handsome |
Jafar | Source |
Jeng | Fight, battle |
Jihad | Wage jihad, fight for the faith |
Dovlet (Dovletmyrat) | Wealth, wealth |
Erfan (Irfan) | Knowledge, knowledge |
Clogged | ordering |
Zaid | Abundance |
Zakariya | Prophet’s name |
Zaki | Pure |
Zafir | Victorious |
Zahid | Restrained |
Zia | Light |
Ziyad | Abundance |
Zulfikar | Name of the sword, Prophet, peace be upon him |
Zuhair | Bright.![]() |
Ibrahim | Prophet’s name |
Idris | Prophet’s name |
Izzuddin | Greatness of Faith |
Ikrima | Dove |
Ilkin | First |
Ilmaz (Yilmaz) | Daredevil |
Ildar (Eldar) | Manager, owner |
Ilnur (Ilnar) | Light of the motherland, fatherland |
Ilyas | Helper |
Imad | Support, pillar |
Imaduddin | Pillar of Faith |
Imran | Prophet’s name |
Inal | Overlord |
Irfan | Gratitude |
Isa (Jesus) | Help of God |
Isam | Guardian, protecting |
Iskander (Eskander) | Victorious |
Islam | Submission to the Almighty |
Ismail | Prophet’s name |
Ismatulla | Protected by Allah |
Ishak | Prophet’s name |
Ihsan | Sincerity, kindness, generosity |
Kais | Hard |
Camille | Perfect |
Kamran (Kambiz, Kamyar) | Happy |
Kamshad | Happy dream |
Karim | Generous, noble |
Kasym | Hard, rigid |
Qatada | Strong wood |
Kia | Tsar, defender |
Kirman | Strong |
Komek | Assistant |
Kudama | Courage, courage |
Kutaiba | Impatient, irritable |
Kamil (Kyamal) | Complete, perfect |
Labib | Sensitive, careful |
Lachin | Knight |
Lukman | Prophet’s name |
Luai | Proper name |
Lutfi | Kind, friendly |
Ma’n | benefit, benefit |
Majid | Great, noble |
Maksoud | Desired |
Manaf | High standing |
Mansour | Victorious |
Mardan | Warrior |
Mahdi | Directed on the right path |
Miri | Head, head |
Mohsen | Doing good |
Murad | Desire, goal, dream |
Musa | Worker of miracles |
Muslim | Muslim |
Mustafa (Mujtaba, Murtaza) | Chosen |
Muhammad (Mohammed) | Prophet’s name |
Murid | Follower, apprentice |
Majd | Glory |
Makin | Strong, strong, resistant |
Mamduh | Glorified |
Mamnoon | Trustworthy |
Marzuk | God Blessed |
Masud | Happy |
Mahmud | Praiseworthy |
Muaz | Protected |
Muayyid | Supported |
Muwafak | Successful |
Munzir | Harbinger |
Munir | Brilliant, bright, luminous |
Muntasir | Victorious |
Murtadi | Satisfied, satisfied |
Mutaz | Proud, strong |
Muti | Obedient |
Mufid | Useful |
Muhammad | praised |
Muhannad | Sword |
Muhsin | Doing good, good |
Muhtadi | Righteous, walking the right path |
Mukhtar | Chosen |
Omair | Longevity |
Omran | Strongly folded |
Taamir | Date Knower |
Taymulla | Servant of the Lord |
Taysir | Relief, help |
Tamam | Complete, perfect |
Tarik | Morning Star |
Tariff | Rare, unusual Tarkhan – lord |
Tarfakh | Wood view |
Taufik | Good luck, consent, reconciliation |
Talha | Wood view |
Orhan | Khan troops, commander |
Payam | Good news |
Pasha | Master |
Payman | Promise |
Polad | Strong, powerful |
Pujman | Dream, desire |
Puya | Seeker |
Rabah | Victorious |
Rabi | Spring |
Ravil | Teenager; traveler |
Leg | Desiring, thirsty |
Rajab | Seventh month of the Muslim lunar calendar |
Razi | Mystery |
Raid | Leader |
Rakin | Respectful |
Ramiz | Symbolizing goodness |
Ramil | Magical, magical |
Rasul | Apostle; harbinger |
Ratib | Measured |
Rafi | Good friend |
Rashad | Prudent |
Rashid | Prudent, guided on a straight path |
Rvmiz | Symbol |
Cut | Resolve; humility |
Rida (Riza) | Benevolence, favor |
Ridvan | Contented, desiring, the name of the Angel guarding Paradise |
Rinat | Renewed, reborn |
Rifat | High position, nobility |
Riyadh | Gardens |
Ruzil (Ruzbeh) | Happy |
Ruslan | Leo |
Rustam | Extra large, strong body |
Saad | Luck |
Sabir | Patient |
Sabit | Strong, strong, hard |
Sabih | Beautiful, beautiful |
Savalan | Majestic |
Sajid | Performing sujud, bowing before God.![]() |
Sadyk (Sadiq, Sadik) | sincere, faithful |
Said | Happy, source |
Sayid | Mr. |
Saifuddin | Sword of Faith |
Saqib | Meteor, comet, flying star |
Sakit | Peaceful, moderate |
Salar | Leader |
Salah | Justice |
Salahuddin | Justice of Faith |
Salem | Peaceful, quiet, peaceful |
Salim | Peaceful, quiet. calm |
Salih | Righteous |
Salman | Peaceful, peaceful |
Salman (Salem, Salem) | Peaceful, quiet, calm |
Sami | Sublime |
Samir | Conversation partner, conversation |
Samir | Interlocutor, narrator |
Sanjar | Prince |
Sledge | Praise, shining |
Sardar (Sardor) | Commander-in-Chief, Head of |
Sariya | Night clouds |
Sarkhan | Big Khan |
Safwan | Old Arabic name (stones) |
Safi | best friend |
Sakhidam (Sahi) | Clear, clear, cloudless |
Sakhir | Alert, awake |
Sepehr | Sky |
Siraj | Light |
Sohel | Star |
Soyalp | From the kind of brave men |
Subhi | Early morning |
Sulaiman | Prophet’s name |
Suud | Luck |
Suhaib | Friendly |
Suhail | Star name |
Taakhir | modest |
Tahir | Flying, soaring |
Such (Tagi) | Pious, devout |
Talal | Beautiful, beautiful |
Talgat | Beauty, attractiveness |
Tahir | Pure, chaste |
Timerlan (Tamerlan, Timer) | Iron resistant |
Timur (Teimur, Temir) | Strong |
Tokay | Warrior |
Tofik (Taufik, Tavfik) | Success, luck, happiness |
Tugan | Falcon |
Turan | Motherland |
Turkel | Turkic land, Turkic people |
Ubaida | Servant of the Lord |
Ulus | People, land |
Umar (Gumar) | Life |
Uruz | Highest title |
Urfan | Knowledge, art |
Osama | Leo |
Ussama | One of the names of the lion |
Utba | Old Arabic name |
Favoise | Successful |
Fadi | Redeemer |
Fadl | Venerable |
Fadlullah | Reverence to God |
Faik | Superb, amazing |
File | Giving a good sign, being a good omen |
Faisal | Resolute |
Faraz | Sublime |
Farbod | Straight, uncompromising |
Farzan | Wise |
Farid | Rare |
Faris | Rider, strong |
Faruk | Distinguishing truth from lies |
Fateh | Winner |
Tulle | Smart |
Fahad | Lynx |
Fahir | Proud |
Fahri | Honorary, respected |
Fida | Donator |
Firdaus | Paradise, paradise abode |
Firoz (Firuz) | Winner |
Foruhar | Aroma |
Fuad | Heart |
Fudeil (Fadl) | Dignity, honor |
Haashim | Generosity |
Khabib | Beloved, favorite, friend |
Khagani | Overlord |
Khadi | Straight guide |
Hadi (Hedayat) | Leader |
Khairat | Amazing Favorite |
Hairi | Doing good |
Khairuddin | Good, good faith |
Haytham | Hawk |
Khaysamch | Good, good faith |
Khaldun | Old Arabic name |
Khalid | Eternal |
Khalil | Friend, lover |
Hamza | Leo |
Khamzat | Agile |
Hami (Hafez) | Protector |
Hamid | Praising God, loving God |
Khanjar | Dagger |
Honey | Happy, satisfied, delighted |
Haris | Plowman (old Arabic name) |
Harun | Prophet’s name |
Hassan | Fine, good |
Hassan | Lovely |
Hatim | Judge |
Hatif | Voice of conscience |
Hashim | The name of the grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him (old Arabic name) |
Hashim (Khaashm) | Generosity |
Hikmet | Wisdom |
Hirad | Healthy |
Khosrow | Benefactor |
Hood | Prophet’s name |
Huzaima | Old Arabic name |
Hudhayfa | Old Arabic name |
Humam | Courageous, noble |
Husam | Sword |
Husamuddin | Sword of Faith |
Hussain | Beautiful, kind |
Khushmand (Khushyar) | Wise |
Chingiz | Great, strong, powerful, mighty |
Shadi | Singer, singer |
Shaya (Shayan) | Worthy |
Shamil | All-inclusive |
Sharif | Noble |
Shafi | Healing, healing |
Shafik | Compassionate |
Shahbaz | Royal Falcon |
Shakhbulat | Very good, very first |
Shaheen | Falcon |
Shahlar | Strength of Many Lords |
Shahriyar | King |
Shahyar | Royal friend |
Shener | Cheerful brave man |
Shir | Leo |
Shihab | Shooting star, meteor |
Shukhrat | Fame, fame |
Eziz (Aziz) | Dear |
Eldar | Overlord |
Elman | Man of the people |
Elmir | leader of the people |
Elchin | Brave |
Elshad (Elkhan) | Lord of the People |
Emir | Head, head |
Yunus | Prophet’s name |
Yusuf | Prophet’s name |
Yavuz | Grozny |
Yazid | Enlarge |
Yalchin | Majestic |
Yaman | Proper name |
Yanar | Fire |
Yasar | Lightness, wealth |
Yasin | One of the names of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him |
Yasser (Yasar) | Light, casual |
Yahya | Prophet’s name |
Yahya | Prophet’s name |
Yashar | Living |
Parenting
Today, names of Arabic origin can be found all over the world, but the original Arabic name system originated and began to develop in the East. In Islamic countries, it is customary to name the baby by his own name on the 7th day after birth. Muslims do not just give a name to a child, but perform a special ceremony for this.
The baby is wrapped in a white diaper and placed with his head to the sacred Kaaba (the main sanctuary of Islam). The Muslim man (usually the father of the child) first says the adhan, special words that serve as a call to prayer. Then he reads the prayer “dua” – words of gratitude to Allah. After that, the one who reads the prayer bends over the right ear of the child and pronounces his name three times. Next, you need to say the second call to prayer – “ikam”, bend over the child’s left ear and say the name three times again.
At the end of the ceremony, one more prayer is read and good wishes are said, for example: “Let this child grow up in love, health and care. May he be kind, well-mannered and always honor his parents.
The Arabic naming system is multi-level and one of the most complex in the world. A male Arabic name usually consists of 5 parts, and sometimes more. The structure of the name indicates the nickname, title, place of birth, ethnic, religious, political affiliation, and more.
Adults are often addressed with the name of the child, for example: Fatima’s mother (Umm al-Fatima), Aziz’s father (Abu-l-Aziz). Over the course of a lifetime, men and women can acquire new elements in a name – for example, when changing their profession, place of residence. Thus, the great philosopher Omar Khayyam bore an Arabic name with the poetic meaning of “life.” His full name was Giyas ad-Din Abul-Fath Omar ibn Ibrahim Khayyam Nishapuri. It is deciphered as follows: a scientist of the Islamic faith, father Fatha Omar, son of Ibrahim Khayyam from Nishapur.
If you are looking for a rare and beautiful name for a child, take a closer look at the harmonious Arabic options. If you want to call a boy an exotic name, you should make sure that his pronunciation will not cause difficulties, for example, among peers. It is better to give the baby a not too long name that is easy to pronounce and sounds the same in all languages of the world. When choosing a name, you need to take into account some nuances.
About 100 Arabic names have the prefix “abd”, which means “slave”, “servant”. Names with this prefix have a rather complicated pronunciation. Representatives of the Islamic religion prefer such names because of the indication of devotion to the faith. For example, such options are popular: Abdullah (servant of Allah), Abdurakhman (servant of Rahman) and others. Also in the Arabic system there are many names that have too similar analogues – Ahmed / Ahmet, Ismail / Ishmael, Isham / Iskhan, Murad / Murat, Faruk / Farukh. It is easy to mix up letters in such names, and there is a risk that the child’s name will not always be pronounced correctly.
Beautiful Arabic names for boys are not so difficult to find, even if you have twins. Most of the names have a pleasant sound and good characteristics.
Basil (bold)-Fazil (worthy)
Bahir (beautiful)
Jamil (beautiful) – Ramil (magical)
Nadir (precious) – Nazif (clean)
Rahim (merciful) – Rashad (diligent)
Muslims believe that the name significantly affects the fate of a person. Therefore, the selection of a name is taken very seriously. Modern Arabic names for boys have a strong and usually sublime meaning. Today, such names as Amir – the main one, Damir – honest, Kamil – impeccable, Marat – desired are popular.
It is important that the boy’s name indicates strength and masculine character. Several dozen Arabic names are associated with the lion character or directly point to this animal. Many names denote natural phenomena – “thunderstorm”, “rain”, “flashing of lightning”.