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La anestesia es el uso de medicamentos para prevenir el dolor durante una cirugía y otros procedimientos. Estos medicamentos se denominan anestésicos. Pueden administrarse mediante inyección, inhalación, loción tópica, aerosol, gotas para los ojos o parche cutáneo. Provocan una pérdida de las sensibilidad o la conciencia.
La anestesia se puede utilizar en procedimientos menores, como el empaste o restauración de un diente. Puede usarse durante el parto o procedimientos como colonoscopías. Y se usa durante operaciones menores y mayores.
En algunos casos, un dentista, una enfermera o un médico pueden darle un anestésico. En otros casos, es posible que necesite un anestesiólogo, un médico que se especializa en administrar anestesia.
Hay varios tipos diferentes de anestesia:
En general, la anestesia es segura. Pero puede haber riesgos, especialmente con la anestesia general, incluyendo:
Anestesia
(Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Generales)
También en inglés
Conceptos básicos sobre anestesia
(Fundación Nemours)
Estar anestesiado: Una mirada más cercana a la anestesia
(Institutos Nacionales de la Salud)
También en inglés
Dolores de cabeza posteriores a una punción lumbar
(Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médica)
También en inglés
Fuga del LCR
(Enciclopedia Médica)
También en inglés
Hipertermia maligna
(Enciclopedia Médica)
También en inglés
Anestesia en niños: Qué preguntarle al médico
(Enciclopedia Médica)
También en inglés
¿Qué es un anestesiólogo pediátrico?
(Academia Americana de Pediatría)
También en inglés
Sedación en pacientes pediátricos
(Colegio Americano de Radiología; Sociedad de Radiología de Norteamérica)
Tipos de anestesia
(Fundación Nemours)
Es un medicamento para adormecer que se administra por medio de una inyección en la espalda. Este procedimiento adormece o causa una pérdida de la sensibilidad en la mitad inferior del cuerpo. Esto disminuye el dolor de las contracciones durante el parto. La anestesia epidural también puede usarse para reducir el dolor durante una cirugía de las extremidades inferiores. Este artículo se enfoca en la anestesia epidural durante el parto.
El bloqueo o inyección se aplica en una zona que se encuentra sobre su columna vertebral o en la parte baja de su espalda.
Su proveedor de atención médica le lavará la zona de la espalda e inyectará un poco de medicamento para adormecer el lugar donde se coloca la aguja epidural:
El medicamento anestésico se administra a través de la sonda por el tiempo que sea necesario.
En la mayoría de los casos recibirá una dosis baja. Esto es más seguro para usted y el bebé. Una vez que el medicamento haga efecto (después de 10 a 20 minutos), usted debe sentirse mejor. Aun así, es posible que sienta algo de presión en el recto o la espalda durante las contracciones.
Usted puede temblar después una anestesia epidural, pero esto es común. Muchas mujeres tiemblan durante el parto, incluso sin la anestesia epidural.
Muchos estudios han demostrado que la anestesia epidural es una forma segura de manejar el dolor durante el parto. Aunque es poco frecuente, existen algunos riesgos.
Su presión arterial puede descender durante un corto tiempo. Esto podría provocar que disminuya la frecuencia cardíaca del bebé.
Una anestesia epidural puede cambiar o alterar el trabajo de parto y el parto mismo.
Otros efectos secundarios poco frecuentes son:
Existen 2 tipos:
Parto – epidural; Trabajo de parto – epidural
Hawkins JL, Bucklin BA. Obstetric anesthesia. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe’s Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 16.
Nathan N, Wong CA. Spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia: anatomy, physiology, and technique. In: Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, et al, eds. Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 12.
Sharpe EE, Arendt KW. Anesthesia for obstetrics. In: Gropper MA, ed. Miller’s Anesthesia. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 62.
Versión en inglés revisada por: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Traducción y localización realizada por: DrTango, Inc.
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Epidural anesthesia is a method of pain relief for surgical intervention by injecting appropriate drugs directly into the epidural space of the spinal column through a catheter. In the course of such anesthesia, it is also possible to achieve muscle relaxation. Epidural anesthesia of the chest, groin, legs and abdomen is less risky than the neck and arms, and the use of such anesthesia for the head is basically impossible.
An epidural may also be used:
When an anesthesiologist is faced with the choice of general or epidural anesthesia, the latter is preferred whenever possible. A large selection of drugs for its implementation allows you to choose the most suitable option for each patient, there are also drugs that perfectly stop the pain syndrome, but retain mobility and clarity of consciousness.
Epidural anesthesia is considered the most suitable for operations on the legs. It allows not only to relieve pain and relax the muscles as much as possible, but also to reduce blood loss. It is widely used during surgery on the organs of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis.
The method has been proven to be safe for the kidneys and prostate. The cardiovascular system works stably, since the drug acts gradually, it can be used for heart defects, as well as diabetes. There is no irritation of the upper respiratory tract, as with general anesthesia, which is especially advantageous for asthma patients. However, this does not mean that epidural anesthesia is always used for such pathologies. The decision in each case is made by the anesthesiologist strictly individually.
Among the absolute contraindications for the use of epidural anesthesia:
Overweight, hypotension, some neurological diseases can also become a problem. As a rule, epidural anesthesia is not used in childhood.
The quality of epidural anesthesia depends not only on the state of health of the patient, but also on the drug used, and on the qualifications of the anesthesiologist – the epidural method of anesthesia is considered one of the most difficult. An anesthesiologist’s mistake when administering the drug, when the drug enters the vessel, can lead to convulsions, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, there is a danger of subarachnoid administration, as a result of which a total spinal block develops. However, with proper conduct, complications as a result of epidural anesthesia are extremely rare.
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Dear patients!
Multidisciplinary Clinic and Maternity Hospital “Paracelsus” informs you, according to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation to the Federal Tax Service dated March 25, 2022. N BS-4-11 / 3605, that subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 of Article 219 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for the taxpayer’s right to receive a social tax deduction in the amount paid by him in the tax period for medical services provided by medical organizations engaged in medical activities , him, his spouse, parents, children (including adopted children) under the age of 18, wards under the age of 18 (in accordance with the list of medical services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation).
Joint order of the Ministry of Taxation of Russia and the Ministry of Health of Russia dated July 25, 2001 N 289 / BG-3-04 / 256 (hereinafter – the order of July 25, 2001) approved the form of the Certificate of payment for medical services for submission to the tax authorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter – the Certificate payment for medical services).
This certificate certifies the fact of receiving a medical service and its payment through the cash desk of a healthcare institution at the expense of the taxpayer.