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Lunes 26 de diciembre de 2022
A través de cuentos, juegos y canciones, Papelina y Papelón aprenden en casa de su abuelita y los consejos del sabio señor Troncoso. Ahora hablan sobre las resposabilidades y conocen la historia de Dimitri, el domador.
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Lunes 26 de diciembre de 2022
A través de cuentos, juegos y canciones, Papelina y Papelón aprenden en casa de su abuelita y los consejos del sabio señor Troncoso. Ahora rhablamn de sentimintos, creatividad y conocen la historia del Príncipe Teodoro.
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Lunes 26 de diciembre de 2022
A través de cuentos, juegos y canciones, Papelina y Papelón aprenden en casa de su abuelita y los consejos del sabio señor Troncoso. Ahora aprenden sobre los distintos idiomas del mundo y conocen una gran historia ocurrida en una granja.
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Lunes 26 de diciembre de 2022
A través de cuentos, juegos y canciones, Papelina y Papelón aprenden en casa de su abuelita y los consejos del sabio señor Troncoso. Ahora hablan sobre el compartir con las demás personas.
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Lunes 26 de diciembre de 2022
Ven y disfruta de este entretenido espectáculo lleno de magia y colorido junto a Papelina, Papelón, Payaso y Caracolina con divertidas historias, personajes y música.
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Lunes 26 de diciembre de 2022
Ven y disfruta de este entretenido espectáculo lleno de magia y colorido junto a Papelina, Papelón, Payaso y Caracolina con divertidas historias, personajes y música.
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Miércoles 26 de octubre de 2022
Nuestros amigos “Papelina y Papelón” nos invitan a cuidar nuestro planeta, reciclar y respetar el medioambiente a través de esta entretenida canción.
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Martes 20 de septiembre de 2022
A través de cuentos, juegos y canciones, Papelina y Papelón aprenden sobre los verdaderos gestos de amor, la amistad y que los animales deben vivir en libertad.
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Martes 20 de septiembre de 2022
Ha llovido en la ciudad y Papelina y Papelón no pueden salir a la plaza a jugar. En este capítulo, los hermanos aprenden la importancia de la lluvia y que la vida es un ciclo donde, en su ciudad y país, se suceden las estaciones una tras otra.
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Martes 20 de septiembre de 2022
A través de cuentos, canciones y juegos, Papelina y Papelón aprenden la importancia de cuidar la ciudad de la contaminación lumínica.
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Martes 20 de septiembre de 2022
En este episodio, Papelina y Papelón descubren sobre el origen del señor Troncoso y la importancia de cuidar la naturaleza y su entorno.
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Jueves 12 de mayo de 2022
Ahora nuestros amigos nos invitan a bailar y disfrutar de una entretenida canción junto a luna y el sol. ¡Todos a la pista!
El baile forma parte de toda sociedad humana.
Pero ¿nacemos con esta capacidad? ¿Pueden bailar los animales?
La danza y el movimiento pueden ser una experiencia hipnotizante y saludable.
Es difícil escuchar una canción con mucho ritmo y no empezar a mover los hombros, balancear la cabeza, dar golpecitos con los dedos o los pies, o simplemente soltar todo el cuerpo y dejar que la música controle tus movimientos. Hay incluso un reto de TikTok en el que el objetivo es resistir la tentación y no bailar cuando se escuchan canciones conocidas. Resulta que es más difícil de lo que parece.
Pocas experiencias son tan liberadoras e hipnotizantes como el baile. Está tan profundamente arraigada en nosotros que los antropólogos culturales apenas encontraron pruebas de sociedades humanas que no bailen.
Pero, ¿por qué? ¿El acto de bailar es innato al ser humano? ¿O los animales también bailan?
Los científicos afirman que la música y la danza son universales en la cultura humana y que la música tiene la capacidad de inducir espontáneamente movimientos en los seres humanos.
Por increíble que parezca, este movimiento podría estar grabado en nuestros cerebros desde el nacimiento. Estudios han demostrado que los bebés de tan solo tres meses pueden empezar a moverse de repente al ritmo de la música. Todavía no está claro si son capaces de seguir un ritmo determinado.
Según los estudiosos de la danza y del cerebro, cuando nuestros oídos perciben música, la parte auditiva del cerebro traduce las vibraciones en algo que podemos entender, e interactúa con las áreas motoras encargadas del movimiento.
Incluso cuando escuchamos música pero nos quedamos quietos, se ha demostrado que las áreas motoras de nuestro cerebro se siguen activando. Los aspectos rítmicos, como sentir la cadencia, implican una estrecha conexión entre las áreas auditiva y motora de nuestro cerebro.
Por eso los seres humanos pueden palmear fácilmente al ritmo de una canción, incluso sin ninguna formación musical. Las investigaciones demuestran que los niños empiezan a moverse en sincronía con la música a partir de los cuatro años.
Aunque el ritmo desempeña sin duda un papel en el baile, otros aspectos de la música, como las frecuencias bajas, también influyen en él. Se ha descubierto que incluso los bajos más graves, frecuencias más bajas que las que podemos oír, inducen a la gente a bailar, según un estudio publicado recientemente en Current Biology y dirigido por Daniel Cameron, investigador de la Universidad McMaster, de Canadá.
Todavía no sabemos a ciencia cierta de dónde viene la predisposición humana a la música y la danza. Pero hay algunas hipótesis.
Una de las ideas es que la música y la danza ayudaron a la creación de vínculos sociales, quizás promoviendo que los miembros del grupo se reunieran y cooperaran, o como un primer medio para comunicar aspectos importantes de la cultura y los conocimientos del grupo. “Cuando nos movemos en grupo, tendemos a sentirnos más unidos y conectados a las personas con las que bailamos”, explica Cameron a DW.
This fish attracts attention, first of all, with its unusual appearance, namely, bright red lips on the front of the body.
As previously thought, they are necessary to attract marine life, which feeds on the bat. However, it was soon found out that this function is performed by a small formation on the head of the fish, called an eska. It emits a specific smell that attracts worms, crustaceans and small fish. nine0007
The unusual “image” of the bat complements the no less amazing way of its movement in the water. Being a poor swimmer, he walks along the bottom on his pectoral fins. The short-nosed bat is a deep-sea fish, and lives in the waters near the Galapagos Islands.
These deep-sea marine animals have many branched rays. Moreover, each of the rays can be 4-5 times larger than the body of these brittle stars. With the help of them, the animal catches zooplankton and other food. Like other echinoderms, branched brittle stars have no blood, and gas exchange is carried out using a special water-vascular system. nine0007 Photo: Derek Keats
Branched brittle stars usually weigh about 5 kg, their rays can reach 70 cm in length (for branched brittle stars Gorgonocephalus stimpsoni), and the body is 14 cm in diameter.
Look at the whimsical swimming style of the brittle star in a video taken by one of the scientific deep-sea expeditions a few years ago (swimming brittle star can be seen at 1:13-2:13 minutes).
This is one of the most poorly studied species that, if necessary, can merge with the bottom or imitate a twig of algae. It is near the thickets of the underwater forest at a depth of 2 to 12 meters that these creatures try to stay so that in a dangerous situation they can acquire the color of the ground or the nearest plant. In the “calm” time for harlequins, they slowly swim upside down in search of food. nine0007 Photo: Stephen Childs
Looking at a photograph of the harlequin pipefish, it is easy to guess that they are related to seahorses and needlefish.
However, they differ markedly in appearance: for example, the harlequin has longer fins. By the way, this form of fins helps the ghost fish to bear offspring. With the help of elongated pelvic fins, covered on the inside with filamentous outgrowths, the female harlequin forms a special bag in which she bears eggs.
In 2005, an expedition exploring the Pacific Ocean discovered, at a depth of 2,400 meters, extremely unusual crayfish from the infraorder Partial-tailed, which were covered with “fur”. Because of this feature (as well as coloration), they were called “yeti crabs” (Kiwa hirsuta).
Photo: Bernard Wee / Flickr
However, it was not fur in the truest sense of the word, but long feathery bristles covering the chest and limbs of crustaceans. According to scientists, many filamentous bacteria live in the bristles. These bacteria purify water from toxic substances emitted by hydrothermal springs, next to which “yeti crabs” live.
There is also an assumption that these same bacteria serve as food for crabs. nine0007
Found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, this fish is found on reefs and bays. Due to its small fins and hard scales, it swims extremely slowly.
As a nocturnal fish, the pine cone spends the day in caves and under rock ledges. So, in one marine reserve in New South Wales, a small group of cones was registered, which hid under the same ledge for at least 7 years.
At night, this fish emerges from the shelter and goes to hunt on sandbanks, illuminating its way with the help of luminous organs, photophores. This light is produced by a colony of symbiotic Vibrio fischeri bacteria that have settled in photophores. Bacteria can leave the photophores and simply live in seawater. However, their luminescence dims a few hours after they leave the photophores. Interestingly, the light emitted by the luminous organs is also used by fish to communicate with relatives.
The scientific name of this animal is Chondrocladia lyra. It is a species of carnivorous deep sea sponge, and was first discovered off the Californian coast at a depth of 3300-3500 meters in 2012.
Lyre Sponge gets its name from its harp or lyre-like appearance. So, this animal is kept on the seabed with the help of rhizoids, root-like formations. From 1 to 6 horizontal stolons extend from their upper part, and on them at an equal distance from each other there are vertical “branches” with spatulate structures at the end. nine0007
Since the lyre sponge is carnivorous, it captures prey, such as crustaceans, with these “branches”. And as soon as she manages to do this, she will begin to secrete a digestive membrane that will envelop her prey. Only after that, the lyre sponge will be able to suck in the split prey through the pores. The largest recorded sponge-lyre reaches almost 60 centimeters in length.
Clownfish
Living in almost all tropical and subtropical seas and oceans, clownfish are one of the fastest predators on the planet. After all, they are able to catch prey in less than a second! nine0007 Photo: Nick Hobgood.
So, having seen a potential victim, the “clown” will track it down, remaining motionless. Of course, the prey will not notice it, because the fish of this family usually resemble a plant or a harmless animal with their appearance. In some cases, when the prey comes closer, the predator will begin to move the esca, an outgrowth of the anterior dorsal fin that resembles a “fishing pole”, which causes the prey to get even closer. And once a fish or other marine animal gets close enough to the clown, it will suddenly open its mouth and swallow the prey in just 6 milliseconds! Such an attack is so lightning fast that it cannot be seen without slow motion. By the way, the volume of the oral cavity of the fish while catching the victim often increases 12 times.
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In addition to the speed of clownfish, an equally important role in their hunting is played by the unusual shape, color and texture of their cover, which allow these fish to mimic. Some clownfish resemble rocks or coral, while others resemble sponges or sea squirts. And in 2005, the Sargassum sea clown was discovered, which imitates algae. The “camouflage” of clown fish can be so good that sea slugs often crawl on these fish, mistaking them for corals.
However, they need “camouflage” not only for hunting, but also for protection. Interestingly, during the hunt, the “clown” sometimes sneaks up on prey. He literally approaches her using his pectoral and ventral fins. These fish can walk in two ways. They can alternately move their pectoral fins without using the pelvic fins, or they can transfer body weight from the pectoral fins to the pelvic fins. Gait in the latter way can be called a slow gallop. nine0007
Living at shallow depths in tropical and subtropical seas, mantis shrimp have the most complex eyes in the world.
If a person can distinguish 3 primary colors, then the mantis shrimp – 12. Also, these animals perceive ultraviolet and infrared light and see different types of light polarization. Many animals are able to see linear polarization. For example, fish and crustaceans use it to navigate and locate prey. However, only mantis shrimp are able to see both linear polarization and the rarer, circular polarization. nine0007 Photo: Alexander Vasenin
Such eyes enable mantis shrimp to recognize different types of corals, their prey and predators. In addition, during the hunt, it is important for cancer to deliver accurate blows with its pointed grasping legs, which is also helped by its eyes. By the way, sharp, serrated segments on grasping legs also help mantis shrimp to cope with a prey or predator, which can be much larger in size. So, during the attack, the mantis shrimp makes several quick kicks with its legs, which causes serious damage to the victim or kills her. nine0007
Smallmouth macropinna
Smallmouth macropinna living in the depths of the North Pacific Ocean has a very unusual appearance. She has a transparent forehead, through which she can look out for prey with her tubular eyes. A unique fish was discovered in 1939. However, at that time it was not possible to study it well enough, in particular the structure of the cylindrical eyes of fish, which can move from a vertical position to a horizontal one and vice versa. This was only done in 2009.year.
Photo: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Then it became clear that the bright green eyes of this small fish (it does not exceed 15 cm in length) are in a head chamber filled with a clear liquid. This chamber is covered by a dense, but at the same time elastic transparent shell, which is attached to the scales on the body of the small-mouth macropinna.
The bright green color of fish eyes is due to the presence of a specific yellow pigment in them. Since the small-mouthed macropinna is characterized by a special structure of the eye muscles, its cylindrical eyes can be both in a vertical position and in a horizontal position, when the fish can look straight through its transparent head.
Thus, the macropinna can notice the prey, both when it is in front of it, and when it swims above it. And as soon as the prey – usually zooplankton – is at the level of the mouth of the fish, it quickly grabs it. nine0007
These arthropods, which are not really spiders or even arachnids, are common in the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas, as well as in the Arctic and Southern Oceans. Today, more than 1300 species of this class are known, some of which reach 90 cm in length. However, most sea spiders are still small in size.
Photo: Stephen Childs
These animals have long legs, of which there are usually about eight. Also, sea spiders have a special appendage (proboscis) that they use to suck food into the intestines.
Most of these animals are carnivorous and feed on cnidarians, sponges, polychaete worms and bryozoans. nine0007
So, for example, sea spiders often feed on sea anemones: they insert their proboscis into the body of an anemone and begin to suck in its contents. And since sea anemones are usually larger than sea spiders, they almost always survive such “torture”. Sea spiders live in different parts of the world: in the waters of Australia, New Zealand, off the US Pacific coast, in the Mediterranean and Caribbean seas, as well as in the Arctic and Southern oceans. Moreover, they are most common in shallow water, but can also be found at a depth of up to 7000 meters. Often they hide under rocks or camouflage themselves among algae. nine0007
Spiders on Mars. What it is?
The color of the shell of this orange-yellow snail seems very bright. However, only the soft tissues of a live mollusk have this color, and not the shell.
Typically, Cyphoma gibbosum snails are 25-35 mm long, and their shell is 44 mm. These animals live in the warm waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the waters of the Lesser Antilles at depths of up to 29meters.
Photo: Nick Hobgood
It is worth noting that the colorful appearance of these snails is often life-threatening, as it often attracts shell collectors who are unaware that the shell is actually white.
Sofia Demyanets
A lot of representatives of marine fauna live in the World Ocean, the most unusual of which live at the bottom. They have amazing abilities that often help them survive in the struggle for existence. This is how evolution shows the world that its potential is truly limitless. nine0108
Dumbo octopus – unusual in appearance
This is one of the rarest and at the same time strange octopuses in the world.
It lives at a depth of 3 to 7 km and has unique mechanisms that allow it to survive in such extremely difficult conditions. So, the gelatinous body protects it from great pressure, giant eyes allow you to catch the smallest light in the underwater darkness, and developed ears and tentacles provide high speed – up to 35 km / h.
nine0006 Octopus Dumbo
Photo source: travelask.ru
An ordinary individual can reach 2 m in length and weigh 6 kg. Dumbo feeds on polychaete worms, a variety of crustaceans and mollusks. At the same time, he absorbs his prey as a whole, while his relatives have to grind it.
Short-nosed bat – a fish with red lips
A distinctive feature of this inhabitant of the ocean floor is bright and large red lips. In addition, he has a flat body that protects from enormous pressure, and deformed modified fins, thanks to which he moves along the bottom. The short-nosed bat is very leisurely and can stay in one place for a long time.
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Short-nosed bat
Photo source: travelask.ru
The body of the fish is very small – about 35 cm. Its structure is disproportionate, the head is large, it stands out against the background of the tail and body. The skin is naked, with pronounced soft outgrowths and prickly spines. The short-nosed bat lives at a depth of up to 1,000 m.
The most unusual feature that this creature possesses is a hunting device, which is a retractable fishing rod, at the end of which there is a bait. This bait emits an odor that attracts small fish, bivalve worms, clams and other bottom plankton. nine0007
Harlequin Pipefish – Specialist in Camouflage
This is one of the most obscure and strange marine species. It is surprisingly beautiful and lives at a shallow depth (up to 12 m) among underwater thickets or horn corals.
Harlequin Pipesnout
Photo source: travelask.ru
In case of danger, he quickly changes the color of his body, posing as sea needles.
It differs from its relatives like seahorses and needles in longer fins, covered on the inside with filamentous outgrowths, which allows it to bear offspring: with their help, the female harlequin forms a special bag in which it bears eggs. nine0007
The most desirable and tasty prey for the harlequin are small invertebrates, mainly mysids and small shrimps.
The most unusual crab is the yeti crab
This type of crab was discovered by scientists several decades ago. Initially, it was believed that this was another mutant, previously unknown to science, but subsequently a whole colony of these creatures was discovered.
The Yeti Crab usually lives at great depths, mostly in burrows near hydrothermal vents. The length of an adult crab is on average 15 cm. Its body is saturated with poisonous sulfur compounds, so it is inedible. He moves little, preferring to spend time with the crab and the kids. nine0007
Yeti Crab
Photo source: travelask.
ru
Long fluffs of a light, sometimes snow-white color, which cover his entire body – claws, limbs, chest, help him navigate in space. Since these bristles resemble fur, it was originally nicknamed “fluffy kiwa”. However, it was later renamed the Yeti Crab. It was this name that became the main one.
Ocean Knight Pineapple Fish
In the Indian and Pacific oceans, sometimes you can find a small fish that has two names: Japanese conefish, or pineapple fish. This unusual creature, reaching no more than 15 cm in length, has a bright color and scales that look like a powerful shell.
Pineapple fish
Photo source: travelask.ru
This fish has a powerful thick body, on the back of which there is a crest with a spine. It is mainly used for combat with relatives or for defense against predators. nine0007
On the other hand, hard scales and small fins prevent it from swimming fast. Therefore, during the day she hides, and at night she goes hunting, using unusual organs that glow like lanterns and making threatening sounds.
Undersea spider
The sea spider is a long-legged marine arthropod. Scientists have counted more than 1 thousand species of various sea spiders of different colors and different sizes.
This is a predator that lives at a depth of about 7 thousand meters. It is well camouflaged among numerous algae, while remaining invisible. The spider feeds on invertebrates, mollusks, small crustaceans, holothurians and sea anemones. Capture occurs with the help of a claw, with which the spider crushes its prey for further absorption. nine0007
Sea spider
Photo source: travelask.ru
Being at the bottom, the sea spider clings to it with its claws. But there are times when it takes the form of an umbrella. In this position, it is very clearly visible, and therefore it often becomes the prey of fish and large crustaceans.
Motionless and fast at the same time – monkfish
The main characteristic of this creature is the ability to remain motionless for a long time, waiting for the victim.
But when he noticed her, it takes him less than a second to grab the prey with a huge maw. The only movable element during the hunt is a hook, similar to a fishing rod. nine0007
Add to this a menacing appearance and the ability to expand the oral cavity by 12 times, and you have a terrible predator that can eat fish, even surpassing it in size. Scientists have calculated that a monkfish can eat literally in 0.06 seconds.
Monkfish
Photo source: travelask.ru
Monkfish has a reputation as a valuable commercial fish.
Smallmouth macropinna fish with transparent head
Smallmouth macropinna usually lives at a depth of about 1 km in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans. It belongs to the family of opisthoproctoid fish.
It has a completely transparent dome-shaped head, inside of which there is a liquid, and in the lower part there are barrel-shaped eyes directed vertically upwards. This is necessary so that, after detecting a potential victim, the macropinna can look forward and at the same time float vertically without letting the victim out of sight.
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Smallmouth macropinna
Photo source: travelask.ru
The fish has a huge throat with a small mouth, which does not allow it to catch large prey. Therefore, it mainly feeds on polyps, zooplankton, small fish and small jellyfish.
Lyra Sponge – predatory sponge
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She lives at the bottom. Its body is attached to the ground with the help of rhizoids and has from two to six “blades” emanating from the center, which are horizontal branches on which there are vertical branches.
Lyre Sponge
Photo source: travelask.ru
With their help, the sponge gets its food: small animals, carried away by the current, get stuck between the “strings” of the predator covered with small sharp needles and spikes, after which it envelops the prey with a special membrane in which it digests. nine0007
Black Liverthroat – a huge mouth
Black Liverfish – a small fish belonging to the perch-like order, has a size of 15–25 cm.